Referendum

Berliners have often used referendums for issues ranging from housing to climate action. But have they been effective?

The Estonian public debate over LGBT+ rights became heated in 2020 but the issue has since receded from the spotlight. Where next in the fight for equality?

The Green European Journal asked experts, activists, and politicians from around Europe about the politics of basic income where they are.

Referendums are often considered the superior form of democratic expression, but how legitimate are they really?

Thanks to energetic grassroots campaigning and a steady shift in social attitudes, women in Ireland have finally won the right to choose whether to have child or not.

Rethinking how we ask voters what they want could ensure representative government for all and help us create a collaborative political culture.

Does the result signal an inevitable decline of democracy or could it reinvigorate resistance across society?

The upcoming referendum in Turkey might give President Erdogan even greater power, threatening democratic rights in the country.

What was the Italian referendum on constitutional reforms really about?

To what extent were the outcomes of the recent plebiscites held in the UK determined by the formulation of the question and the method of counting votes? If these are significant factors, this points to some puzzling quirks in the country’s voting system, as well as some far-reaching flaws in its democracy.