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Designed to safeguard against a return of authoritarianism, the Italian constitutional framework leaves little space for direct democracy - yet referendums are not uncommon in the country.

Ireland's model of amending the constitution through a national debate among the people provides an important route to progress

The Hungarian government's use of referendums shows how direct democracy can be used to lend a veneer of legitimacy to a party's own policy agenda.

Rather than judging referendums as positive or negative, we should examine their distinctive political features and contexts.

If democracy stays cast in its national mould, the path ahead may be one of exclusion and disenfranchisement.

It is time to let go of the assumption that democracy always leads to progressive outcomes.

Despite the shrinking space and pressure from governments, some outlets in these countries have proved resilient.

Pavel Latushka, a key figure in Belarus’s opposition, discusses the movement for democracy with Roderick Kefferpütz.

David Graeber's insights on the imagination and the practice of democracy have inspired many not just to see the world differently, but to seek to change it.

In studying real-world alternatives to state control and organisation via the market, Elinor Ostrom urges us to expand the notion of what democracy means.